P-20
Grade Introduction:
P20 is an alloy tool steel which offers good machine ability even in the hardened and tempered (Brinell 300) condition. This steel gives an excellent polished finish and is one of the most widely accepted specifications for machine cut plastic molds and casting dies. P20 is often supplied in the hardened and tempered condition ready for machining.
In this condition it gives excellent wear resistance but if maximum surface hardness is required for compression molding plastic dies or similar tools, the steel can be case hardened or nitride. For better machinability a higher Sulphur version P20S is available. For improved through hardenability in larger sections we also offer 1.2738 P20N
Grade Application
P20 tool steel is ideally suited for the production of plastic molds. Typical applications include die holders, zinc die casting dies, backers, bolsters and injection molds. The versatility of P20 tool steel with its high tensile characteristics enables uses for a variety of other applications such as shafts, rails and wear strips.
Equivalent Grades
| Country | USA | German | GB/T |
| Standard | ASTM A681 | DIN EN ISO 4957 | GB/T 1299 |
| Grades | P20 | 1.2311 | 3Cr2Mo |
Our Supply Range
We supply to automotive ancillaries and OEM customers. The products we manufacture are used as input for manufacturing of automotive and general engineering components. These components are further assembled into systems fitted in automobiles and other engineering applications.
| Product Type | Size Range |
|---|---|
| Forged Round Bars | 140mm Dia to 850mm |
| Rolled Round Bars | 16mm Dia and above |
| Forged Flat Bars | Thickness: 32mm to 510mm, Width: 65mm to 1050mm |
| Rolled Flat Bars | Thickness: 6mm to 110mm, Width: 25mm to 510mm |
Chemical Composition
The following table shows the chemical composition of P-20 steel:
| Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | Cu |
| Content (%) | 0.28-0.40 | 0.20-0.80 | 0.60-1.00 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 1.40-2.00 | 0.30-0.55 | 0.25 |
Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of P20 tool steels are displayed in the following table.
| Properties | Metric | Imperial |
| Hardness, Brinell (typical) | 300 | 33 |
| Hardness, Rockwell C (typical) | 30 | 30 |
| Tensile strength, ultimate | 965-1030 MPa | 140000-150000 psi |
| Tensile strength, yield | 827-862 MPa | 120000-125000 psi |
| Elongation at break (in 50 mm (2″)) | 20.0% | 20.0% |
| Compressive strength | 862 MPa | 125000 psi |
| Charpy impact (V-Notch) | 27.1-33.9 J | 20.0-25.0 ft-lb |
| Poisson’s ratio | 0.27-0.30 | 0.27-0.30 |
| Elastic modulus | 190-210 GPa | 27557-30457 ksi |
Heat Treatment
P20 tool steels are heated to 871-899°C (1600-1650°F) in the carburizing medium during the carburizing process. After being carburized, these steels are heated to 816-871°C (1500-1600°F) in order to be hardened and then held for 15 minutes and finally oil quenched.
Hardness
300
Hardening
Heat the steel uniformly to 820-840°C until heated through. Quench in oil.
Thermal Properties
The thermal properties of P20 tool steels are given in the following table.
| Properties | Conditions | – | – |
| T (°C) | Treatment | – | – |
| Thermal expansion | 12.8 x 10-6/ºC | 20-425 | – |
Forging Properties
Heat slowly, allowing sufficient time for the steel to become heated through. Begin forging at 1050°C. Do not forge below 930°C reheating if necessary. After forging, cool very slowly.
Stress Relieving
When dies are heavily machined, we recommend stabilizing just before finish machining in order to relieve machining strains. Heat to 460-500°C. Soak well and allow to cool in the air.
Machinability
P20 tool steels have excellent machinability at about 80% that of water hardening steels.
Physical Properties
The following table shows the physical properties of P20 tool steels.
| Properties | Metric | Imperial |
| Density | 7.85 g/cc | 0.284 lb/in3 |
Tempering
Heat uniformly and soak at the tempering temperature for at least one hour per 25mm of section. Allow to cool in still air.
| Temperature [°C] | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 |
| Hardness [HRc] | 51 | 50 | 48 | 46 | 42 | 36 |
| Tensile [N/mm²] | 1730 | 1670 | 1570 | 1480 | 1330 | 1140 |
Normalizing
900°C.
Annealing
Heat uniformly to 770-790°C. Soak well, cool slowly in the furnace.
Density
| Properties | Metric | Imperial |
| Density | 7.85 g/cc | 0.284 lb/in3 |
Welding
Conventional methods are used for welding of P20 tool steels.
Supply Cities
Ambattur, Bangalore, Chennai, Coimbatore, Dindigul, Guindy, Madurai, Nellore, Hyderabad, Tirupur, Tuticorin, Madurai, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Puducherry, Kerala, Kanyakumari, Telangana, Salem, Thanjavur, Trichy, Erode, Vellore, Karur, Nagercoil, Kanchipuram, Karaikudi, Pudukottai, Nagapattinam.
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Addition to other grades
MS, EN1A, EN3B, EN8, EN8D, EN9, EN19, EN24, EN31, EN32B, EN36C, EN41B, EN43B, EN47, EN353, IS2062, 42Crmo4, HCHCR, D2, D3, H-11, H-13, CW-1, OHNS, M2, M35, M42, DIN1.2714, P20, P20+S, P20+Ni, SCM420, ASTMSA-36, ASTMSA-105, SAE1018, SAE4140, SAE8620, 16MNCR5, 20MNCR5, C20, C45, C50, C60, CK45, 20C8, 40C8, 45C8, 55C8, C55MN75, SAE52100, S40C, S355J2G3.
