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Grade Introduction:

C-20 carbon steel is an unalloyed low carbon mild steel grade supplied as a hot rolled or bright drawn finish bar. As a low carbon steel grade, it provides low strength with good machinability and is suitable for welding.

 

Grade Application:

Commonly used for general engineering C-20 is suitable for applications such as bolts, shafts, spacers, hubs, base plates, brackets. fixtures and jigs.

 

Equivalent grades:

Stocked Product	BS 970:1955	British Standards	European	Werksoff	SAE/AISI	Lesser	Greater
070M20 (070)	EN3A EN32	080A15	C15 C20 ST52-3(ST5) S235(S23) S275(S27 & S28)	1.0402 1.0401 1.1151	1020 1023	–	LF2 (LF2)

 

Addition to other grades:

MS, EN1A, EN3B, EN8, EN8D, EN9, EN19, EN24, EN31, EN32B, EN36C, EN41B, EN43B, EN47, EN353, IS2062, 42Crmo4, OHNS, HCHCR, D2, D3, H-11, H-13, CW-1, M2, M35, M42, 2714, SKD-11, P20, P20+S, P20+Ni, SCM 420, ASTM SA-36, ASTM SA-105, SAE 1018, SAE 1020, SAE 4140, SAE 8620, 16MNCR5, 20MNCR5, C35, C40, C45, C50, C60, CK45, 20C8, 40C8, 45C8, 55C8, C55MN75, SAE 52100, S40C, S355J2G3.

 

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Chemical composition:

The following table shows the chemical composition of C20 steel:

Element	C	Mn	Si	S	P
Content(%)	0.17-0.23	0.30-0.60	0.10-0.40	≤0.045	≤0.045

 

Mechanical Properties:

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES	METRIC	IMPERIAL
Tensile strength	425 MPa	61600 psi
Yield strength	360 MPa	52200 psi
Shear modulus	80.0 GPa	11600 ksi
Bulk modulus	140 GPa	20300 ksi
Elastic modulus	190-210 GPa	27557-30458 ksi
Poisson’s ratio	0.27-0.30	0.27-0.30
Elongation at break	0.15	0.15
Reduction of area	0.4	0.4
Hardness Brinell	121	121
Hardness, Knoop	140	140
Hardness, Rockwell B	68	68
Hardness, Vickers	126	126
Machinability	65	65

 

Hardness:

121

 

Heat treatment:

When hardening C-20 heat treatment temperatures, including the rate of heating, cooling, and soaking times will vary due to factors such as the shape and size of each component. Other considerations during the heat treatment process include the type of furnace, quenching medium, and workpiece transfer facilities.

 

Hardening:

As a low carbon steel C-20 is not ideally suited for heat treatment (EN8 or EN9 may be a better-suited option). If hardening is required heat to a temperature of 880-910°C. Quench in water and temper.

 

Tempering:

 

Physical Properties:

Annealed hardness | HBS: 156 max.

Tensile strength,σb/≥ MPa: 400

Yield strength, σ0.2/≥ MPa: 270

Elongation, δ ≥(％): 27.0

Impact, ≥J /Akv: – 

 

Thermal Properties:

PROPERTIES	METRIC	IMPERIAL
Thermal conductivity	51.9 W/mK	360 BTU in/hr.ft².°F

 

Forging Properties:

 

Stress Reliving:

 

Normalizing:

 

Annealing:

C-20 is commonly supplied bright drawn or as rolled. If annealing is required heat to 880-910°C, furnace cool.

 

Density:

 

Machinability:

Surface ‘ripping’ is more evident in EN3 so lubrication is essential. Fairly high surface speeds should be used with moderate feeds. Screw cutting is easy with cutting oil and achieving a fine finish is achieved with slight polishing. Very nice to weld with good flow and strength.

 

Welding:

 

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